The Failure of Journalism during the Civil War in El...

The Failure of Journalism during the Civil War in El Salvador The Civil War in El Salvador was an event that most individuals misunderstood. A twelve year conflict and a power struggle that claimed to keep communism out of El Salvador killed 75,000 people and the whole story still remains untold. The Civil War in El Salvador was a conflict that roughly started in 1980 and ended with the peace accords in 1992. These dates are rough because there were many conflicts before 1980 and even after the peace accords were signed in 1992 the â€Å"death squads [1] † were still active every now and again. With respect to United States involvement, the reason the United States was initially involved was to block communist rule from spreading to†¦show more content†¦Many reporters lacked the initiative to investigate the causes of the war and so this trend of general ignorance lasted throughout the twelve years. Tumultuous times for years before 1980, had led to the eruption of this deadly conflict. A generally unstable Central America had caused major rifts in almost all the small countries of this area. For the general American public this meant more conflict in Central America with even less understanding caused by poor reports. Mark Pedelty, who wrote War Stories: The Culture of Foreign Correspondents, explains in a chapter entitled â€Å"Objective Journalism† of the ways in which American correspondents are taught to report. Reports in newsmagazines in America are much different from everywhere else in the world. For America â€Å"objectivity remains the standard by which journalists are judged,† and this means journalists strive to obtain balance and fairness (Pedelty 171). Pedelty argues that objectivity is a utopian goal which is impossible to obtain, and secondly, objectivity and balance are two things that should not play a role in the reporting a journalist does. In countries all over the world newspapers and magazines are based on political lines and are biased in favor of their own viewpoints and agendas. Pedelty claims that these types of journalists, who report according to their own view points, in fact produce better reports that those Americans who strive for objectivityShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesfibres industry. Marks Spencer (B) – turnaround at the high street legend. Haram – managing change in a small Norwegian commune. RACC – strategy development processes in Catalonia’s automobile club. MacFarlane Solutions – condition’s for success and failure in strategy consulting. 755 759 766 770 773 779 784 788 795 800 805 811 817 823 831 840 846 849 Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus Introduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability

Synthetic vs. Natural an Analysis of Costuming in Blade Runner Free Essays

Ben Boudreau Professor Butorac English 151 10 May 2010 Synthetic vs. Natural: An Analysis of Costuming Used in Blade Runner Blade Runner written by Scott Bukatman and published in 1997 discusses the making of, and larger issues addressed, in Ridley Scott’s film Blade Runner (1982). Bukatman, an Associate Professor of Film and Media Studies at Stanford University, has written several books on film. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthetic vs. Natural: an Analysis of Costuming in Blade Runner or any similar topic only for you Order Now His book takes a look at the film formally, ideologically, and even historically. He addresses the film formally by talking about the production of the film. He briefly discusses the process of refining the film’s script which is loosely based on the book Do Androids dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick. Bukatman talks of Blade Runner’s design, touching on the narration, the production of the props and set, special effects, and cinematography of the film. In his ideological analysis of the film he touches on larger social issues in the film such as urbanization, immigration, racism, and post modernism. On age 19 Bukatman says â€Å"With its city that resembles nothing so much as a vast boundless refinery and its world that no longer contains any traces of nature† This discussion of the set and props hint at the problems of urbanization as shown in the film. Bukatman uses the androids as examples for how the film can be viewed as addressing racism and immigration. The paranoia against the androids could represent the racism against Asians which was growing at that time in American history due to Asian’s expanding economic influence (Bukatman 74). Racism against blacks is shown by the androids classification of non-human because during the time of slavery in America, blacks were also not viewed as human (Bukatman 75). One way post-modernism is addressed, according to Bukatman, is by begging the question what does it mean to be human? This question is a major theme throughout Bukatman’s book. In this paper I will discuss the issues of the environment and industrialization. I plan on doing this through the use of costuming in the film. I will analyze the use of synthetic versus natural costuming. This paper will cover the wardrobes worn by Rick Deckard, Pris, and Rachael. Rick Deckard, played by Harrison Ford, is the protagonist in Scott’s Blade Runner. Known as a â€Å"blade runner†, Deckard is a member of the Los Angeles police department who is employed to â€Å"retire† genetically designed humanoids known as â€Å"replicants†. These replicants were designed by the Tyrell Corporation to do work in off-world colonies. Because of their superior strength and comparable intelligence, the replicants were viewed as a threat to the human race. After a bloody uprising on an off-world colony they were deemed illegal on earth. In response, Rick Deckard and his group of blade runners are put in place to hunt down and retire these humanoids. Deckard lives in futuristic Los Angeles set in 2019. The city described by Bukatman is a â€Å"vast, boundless refinery,† which â€Å"no longer contains any trace of nature† (19). Deckard’s costuming throughout the film differs greatly from the rest of the characters. He wears a large brown sport coat with patch pockets for most of the film. The coat’s color is very earthy and natural looking in comparison to other characters’ costumes. It looks unpressed and wrinkled as if nothing has been done to modify its look. Underneath he wears several different dress shirts all with basic patterns and muted colors, along with a plaid styled tie. His pants appear to be dark gray, possibly flannel but nothing remarkable. It is almost as if Deckard is your typical working class male found on any large city’s street during the 1980’s. I believe he can be viewed as representing the past, a time where a natural environment existed and urban landscape did not completely dominate the planet. By dressing the film’s â€Å"good guy† in natural and earthy attire I believe Scott could be voicing his opposition to urbanization and the destruction of the natural environment. In the beginning of the film you learn that a group of Nexus 6 replicants have escaped from an off-world colony and traveled to earth illegally. They have come to earth in hope that their creator, Tyrell, can extend their short life spans of only four years. These Nexus 6 replicants, which are said to be â€Å"more human than human†, were designed with superior strength and agility for use on the off-world colonies. One of the escapees is known as Pris. Born on Valentine’s day, Pris is a â€Å"basic pleasure model†. She is also the girlfriend of the strongest replicant, Roy Batty. In the film, we follow Pris as she befriends the genetic engineer, J. F. Sebastian, so Roy can get closer to Tyrell, their creator. Throughout this film we see Pris in very unique costuming. We first see Pris wandering the crowded streets alone in the rain, dressed as a classic street prostitute. Her hair is frizzy and blonde, looking as if it has been bleached. Around her neck she wears a metal dog collar. A black shirt barely covers her up, and her black nylon tights clearly show her upper thighs. Faint traces of mascara make her eyes appear dark. Anticipating J. F. s route home, she hides outside his apartment disguised under newspapers. J. F. gets off the bus and runs into Pris, not being able to resist the company of a gorgeous girl in his lonely apartment, J. F. invites her in. She spends the night there and quickly becomes â€Å"friendly† with him. The next morning Pris goes through a transformation. She wanders his apartment looking through the endless amount of toys a nd mannequins. She begins playing with his make-ups, and cakes her face with clownish white powder. Next, she closes her eyes to spray them with a black jar of spray paint. This make-up on her face gives her a â€Å"created look†. She appears completely unnatural at this point, and begins to resemble the toys found in J. F. ’s apartment. She uses this ability of looking fake to her advantage when she encounters Deckard in the end of the film. In this scene we see Pris posing completely lifeless among the toys. Her only disguise is a long white veil. She transforms visually into a kind of ghostly bridal doll. In this film, Pris is the polar opposite of Deckard. She wears dark synthetic clothes that appear to be unnatural and fake. Her make-up gives her the appearance of a lifeless toy mannequin. Deckard eventually spots the replicant and a fight ensues. Deckard shoots Pris twice and retires her. I believe the killing of Pris by Deckard gives us another possible example for urbanization and the environment. Pris can be read as one of the evils in this film. Being a replicant, she represents the future, where there is no evidence of nature and the cluttered city dominates the entire landscape. If you look at her costuming, it is very artificial and synthetic looking. Deckard, on the other hand, is dressed naturally and earthy. His killing of Pris could give some evidence of Scott’s opposition to urbanization and the future of the environment. One of the most interesting characters in Blade Runner is Rachael. She is the latest experiment of Tyrell, designed because of the flaws of the Nexus 6 models. Tyrell believes that the replicants have started to develop their own emotions. He believes this is due to the fact that they have no framework within which to deal with the formation of new emotions. Tyrell implants memories of his niece into Rachael and also does not reveal to her, until later, that she is a replicant. Rachael figures it out after she is given a Voight-Kampff test. She leaves Tyrell and in desperation turns to Deckard, who is under orders to kill her. Deckard ends up falling in love with her and spares her life. In the film, we see two different types of costuming for Rachael. In the beginning when Deckard meets Rachael in Tyrell’s pyramid throne, we see a tall, dark, statuesque woman. With broad squared shoulders, exaggerated proportions, straight lines, and lacquered hair she appears to be flawless. She looks to as if she is mechanical, fulfilling her role as a replicant. Later in the movie she goes through a gradual transformation. At this point of the film she is sitting at the piano in Deckard’s apartment. Rachael is wearing a more feminine dress that paints broad stripes of tan and cream across her body. As she lets her hair down, we see her change from the artificial hair she wore previously to a bushy and more natural style. We also see Rachael as she transforms from a pale white face with bright red lips to a more tan and feminine face with little or no lip stick. I believe that the transformation of Rachael can be viewed as representing hope. Rachael stands for the future. She is portrayed in the beginning as being very unnatural but through her transformation she becomes more natural looking like Deckard. This could be Scott showing us that there is hope for the future, and that the future can be a place where nature exists. This pinning of good versus evil, natural versus synthetic, is just one of the many ways the costuming of Blade Runner can be read. In Ridley Scott’s films, the messages or issues addressed by the film are very subtle. They will never come out and hit you in the face. You often have to watch his films several times and really think about the film after you have viewed it to really understand what he is trying to say. This is what makes Scott’s films so great. His films will provoke thought and stay relevant and important to the film industry like few other films can. Even authors such as Scott Bukatman missed what this particular use of synthetic and natural fibers could be saying. Although this message about urbanization and the environment is hidden and could be read a number of different ways, I do believe Scott might be voicing his opposition to urbanization and the destruction of the natural world. Works Cited Blade Runner. Dir. Ridley Scott. Perf. Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young. Warner Brothers, 1982. Film. Bukatman, Scott. Blade Runner. London: British Film Institute, 1997. Print. How to cite Synthetic vs. Natural: an Analysis of Costuming in Blade Runner, Papers

Cross Cultural Management Global Expansion Process

Question: Describe about the Cross Cultural Management for Global Expansion Process. Answer: Introduction The merger and acquisition is one of the most significant strategies that the business corporations undertake during the global expansion process. Most of the multinational corporations use this strategy in order to diversify, consolidate or expand their business entities in the international market (Tellis 2012). It is evident that the merger and acquisition process has the significant impacts on the cross cultural management process. Cross cultural management process is one of the major aspects of merger and acquisition process. It is observed that the considerable amount of management researches is pointing out several potential challenges faced by the business entities due to the merger and acquisition process. It is in fact noticed that the clashes found between diversified cultural people are significantly affecting the business activities. According to Li (2013), the internationalised merger and acquisition process does not only deal with the cross border aspects, it has the c lear connection with the cross cultural management as well. The experienced business personnel have presented different definitions about the cross cultural aspects. The effects of cross cultural communication are much visible in the society (Bird and Orozco 2014). For example, it is quite difficult to cooperate with the people who belong to diverse cultures, as their perceptions and languages are different. The language barrier is thus one of the major concerns. However, the study will analyse the case scenario of acquisition process of Nokia by Microsoft. Concentrating on the case study analysis, it is necessary to understand the underlying issues faced during such acquisition process. It is observed that the major issues are created due to the cross cultural management aspects. The barriers signified by the business personnel while sharing ideas and values are the major sources for the situational conflicts (Wang, Hedman and Tuunainen 2016). The companies ought to face several potential challenges due to such underlying cross cultural mana gement issues. The study will thus present the in-depth description of the possible challenges and consequences due to such acquisition process. The literature based study will present the identified cultural dilemmas that may affect the business functionalities. The associated theoretical analysis will also be presented in this study. Depending on such identified challenges and issues, the preferable recommendations will be presented accordingly. Background of the Industry The mobile industry is the fastest growing sector in the world of communication in this current time. It is noted that in this recent scenario, internet is the most preferable and usable media for people worldwide (Williams 2014). In fact, the business companies have become much dependable on the internet privileges currently. The cell phone or the mobile phone industry is generally involved with the manufacturing process of mobile phone handsets. However, in this current business scenario, it is noted that the mobile phone industry has been largely concentrating on developing the technological tools and innovative communication services (Giachetti and Marchi 2016). This fastest growing industry has become much focused on implementing innovative business process and efficient technologies. The progress of the smart-phones has brought the drastic changes in this current business world of mobile industry. The cell phone industry has begun to develop since 1994. The increased amount of the users has made the improvised version of the smart phones that are much demanding in this current era. In todays time, the usage of the mobile phone has reached up to 182 million in US. The companies like Samsung and HTC started offering the larger-screen smart phones in the recent years in US. On the other hand, it is noted that Apple iPhone started offering the 4.7-5.5 inches screen smart phone, which is known as phablets. It is important to mention that the market entry of Apple iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s plus has increased the momentum to their favour. It is also observed that these Apple products have now made up overwhelming revenues of 84% in the market of US (Adler and Graham 2016). In spite of the cultural differences, the uses of smart phones have been increasing in every corner of the world in this recent time. Another most popular smart phone company is Nokia, which has gathered maximum of the customers supports in the world of mobile communication. However, it is noticed that Nokia has been facing several potential challenges in their business orientation. In fact, it is seen that Nokia is burning cash. In one years time, the company went down with almost 24% of loss (Giachetti and Marchi 2016). In order to mend this loss, Nokia was acquainted by Microsoft Corporation that provided the company a proper support platform (Flood, West and Wheadon 2013). However, it has been noted that the operational costs of Nokia has already consumed almost $1.15bn, which is one of the important fraction of $6.4bn net cash of the company (Adler and Graham 2016). Apart from this consequence, it is also noted that this acquisition process included many other recognisable challenges with the cross cultural factors. This study will be concentrating on such cross cultural factors that have been creating signifi cant challenges for the business. In fact, the recognition of the potential challenges and possible consequences will be determined for suggesting the suitable recommendations in the future business prospects. Literature Review The cross cultural management is considered as the involvement of working of the teams for achieving the global purposes of internationalised business. The cross cultural management process has been focusing on the modified approaches that are useful for participating in the competitive business scenario. According to Laamanen, Lamberg and Vaara (2016), the cultural variations are much foreseen in this current organisational scenario. In majority of the cases, it is noticed that the business people cannot memorise such determinants every time while undertaking any operational functionalities. Most of the variations are seen in the manners of addressing people. Employees from different cultural background hold the diversified attitudes, beliefs, and values. Therefore, it is quite obvious that during the team work, the cultural clashes may occur accordingly. It is observed that the foreign business people tackle the mistakes in a very rude manner. The lack of patience and the huge cult ural differences are prominently shown in the attitudes and behaviour. The imperatives may vary from culture to culture. Cullen and Parboteeah (2013) implied that cultural imperatives refer to the business customs and expectations, which are either conformed or avoided in order to strengthen the relationships with the associates. In fact, the successful business personnel are aware of the diversified languages, which are necessary for communicating with the people from diversified language background. The entire process is depended on the establishment of the proper interpersonal relationships. However, in spite of the benefits in assembling the people from diverse culture, some of the potential challenges are also signified that have the clear impacts on the business activities (McFarlin and Sweeney 2014). Challenges associated with cross cultural management in international business acquisition Acquisition is the term used for purchasing the assets or shares of other company for achieving a particular business goals or managerial influence. This acquisition process may sometimes not be a mutual agreement, but an assembling process of different cultural people. It is considerably the purchase process of one company by another company or business entity. In majority of the cases, it has been found that one company purchases the entire 100% of the assets of other company during the acquisition process. It provides the authority of ownerships and structuring the business functionalities as per the convenience of the purchaser company. Ali-Yrkk et al. (2013) defined that the acquisition process can be specified as the hybrid of two independent firms. The acquisition is signifying the different meaning as resource acquisition or knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the acquisition process includes two different types of the process, such as domestic acquisi tion and cross-border acquisition. It is to be specified that the cross-border acquisition involves the companies, which are located in two different countries. On the contrary, the domestic acquisition refers to the acquisition process between the companies that are located within a country. In general description, it can be stated that the acquisition process is usually taken over consents to the takeover process (Singh 2014). In many of the cases, it is noticed that the hostile acquisition includes the widespread of the places where the bigger company takes control over the smaller company without the consent. Identified Consequences of Cross Cultural Management in Business Acquisition Process It is to be specified that the organisations usually undertake the acquisition process for developing the new capabilities, offering the wider range of the brands, expanding their product variations, or increasing the supply and distribution channels. It is even one of the most helpful processes of reducing the costs that are invested for the operational activities (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). However, it is noticed that there are several potential challenges associated with the cross cultural management purposes in the international acquisition process. It is noted that during the acquisition process, one company takes the control over the other company, hence, the management functionalities and business objectives changed accordingly. In fact, in this acquisition process, the employees from different organisational collaborate with each other. The collaboration between the people from diverse culture is much recognisable in the international merger and acquisition process. Whi le the employees of one company need to work with other employees of the parent company, the clashes between their business perspectives and values create several challenges for the business process (Minkov and Hofstede 2012). Therefore, it becomes difficult to deal with such diverse scenario. The internal management may face the significant at challenges due to the frequent conflicting scenario. The different mentality, language barriers, and diversified values and beliefs can affect the business process as well. Due to the enormous cultural conflicts, the employees become more insecure about retaining their job. Moreover, it brings the job dissatisfaction eventually. Therefore, it becomes the significant challenge for the merged companies. Along with the negative impact, the cross cultural collaboration brings more positive influences as well. The collaboration of the diverse culture brings out the innovative business ideas, which are effective enough for the future growth opportunities. While working with the people from different cultural background, the assimilations of the new ideas and skills take place (Jain 2014). When these ideas are aligned with each other, it brings the special significance in the business growth. The international marketing process has been generating the sense of sophistications in this business world. In order to maintain such sophistications, the business companies have been looking forward to identify more innovative practices. With the help of innovative tech nologies, the management functionalities are restructured by the business management team. Considering such business perspectives, the managers are trying to gather maximum of business ideas. However, it is noticed that fulfilling such purposes is not the easier process (Hakala, Svensson and Vincze 2012). In order to bring the diversified ideas together, the companies end up having several potential conflicts. The mismatch of the mentalities, pattern of works, and attitudes is bringing more situational crisis. Acquisition in context of the case scenario of Microsoft and Nokia Microsoft has the dominant position in the software service market in this current business scenario. The company provides the best software solutions with the full potentiality. On the other hand, it has been noted that Nokia also has the dominant market in the mobile phone industry. Nokia has been conducting the operational business management since 150 years. The company has already dealt with the manufacturing process of boot, car tyres, and televisions and generated the electricity services as well (Adler and Graham 2016). In the year of 1992, Nokia launched the first digital handheld GSM (Global system for mobile communication) mobile services. It is important to note that Nokia has widespread their dominance in the mobile market industry and take this industry to a symbolic platform. However, the launch of Apple iPhone and other valuable handsets threatened the market position of Nokia more significantly. Recognising such consequences, in the year of 2011, Nokia entered into a n agreement with Microsoft for using the windows software exclusively to add more efficiency in the platform of the smart phones. In that year, Microsoft eventually acquainted the mobile phones of Nokia and started manufacturing the smart devices of the business units (Giachetti and Marchi 2016). It also associated the design team and operational team of Nokia. Eventually, it is noticed that such operational process included facilities related to the production sales and other management functionalities. After the acquisition process, Microsoft started manufacturing the Nokia devices under the name of Microsoft and started distributing Nokia Lumia, Nokia X, and Nokia Asha. However, the problem became recognisable when the company started facing issues with the employment procedure of the internationalised employees. In some of the cases, this process is considered as the organisational fit. It is to be indicated that the cultural formation is never considered as the random events or an action, which is completely dependent on the founders personalities. It is a process that is solely dependent on the reaction of the internal factors to the imperatives of external factors (Flood, West and Wheadon 2013). However, in some of the research studies, it is noted that majority of the information has been signifying the failure of the process much prominently. It has been signified that the company failed to create the significant value more specifically. Considering such problems, it is noted that the managers and leaders have been trying to avoid the merger and acquisition process as much as possible in order to accomplish the pre-determined goals. Moreover, the cultural clashes have been affecting both the internal scenario and the operational activities of the business. The mismatches of the management procedures and lack of communicational transparency are the two most considerable factors of business determinants (Laamanen, Lamberg and Vaara 2016). It is noted that the employees have been feeling more insecure in working with the other employees of different cultural background. They are somewhat unable to establish the proper interpersonal relationship with the other employees who are culturally diverse. These significant challenges have been affecting their morale, which eventually deteriorates the performance parameters. In fact, it is seen that even though the cultural differences serve as the value creation process for improving performance parameter, it does not create any fruitful effects for the operational process. Model of Cultural Dimensions Concentrating on such potential challenges associated with the cross cultural management of the acquisition process, it is necessary to keep the focus on the proper theoretical analysis. In such regards, the establishment of the cultural dimension model would be much beneficial for the descriptive purposes. In considering the cultural dimensions, Geert Hostede introduced a theoretical model, which has been revolving around the impact of cultural integration in the business and society. As far as the internationalised business purpose is concerned, it is noted that the cultural dimension model has become one of the most significant facet (McFarlin and Sweeney 2014). The different features associated with such dimensional model are much fruitful for the business purposes. The origin of this model was subjected to the factor analysis which was considered by the large number of population. There are six major dimensions of the cultural management, which have been creating the specific im pacts n the organisational operational activities. These dimensions have been explained further: Power Distance: This particular dimension is focusing on the absolute extent, which is less powerful. In fact, it is also noted that this dimension is also expected to be controlled by the distribution power, which has taken place unequally. Avoidance of Uncertainties: This dimension signifies the extent to which the associated employees or people do not face much ambiguity. Moreover, they face the significant challenges during the uncertain situations. Collectivism vs. Individualism: The major focus of this particular dimension is the preferences of the associated people who are dealing with the different consequences. The individual preferences are taken into account in such regards. They usually do not receive proper help in time of crisis. During such moments, these people seek more orientations or knitted network. Masculinity vs. Femininity: It is noted that the masculinity is mainly accepted as the social assertiveness, achievements, heroism, and materialistic rewards for attaining success (Minkov and Hofstede 2012). The contradiction found in the description of the femininity aspects. This femininity context has been representing the cooperation, modesty, and quality of life, which is determining the cares for the weaker person. Restraints vs. Indulgence: This dimension deals with the degree to which the focus of the controls over the desires and impulses can be measured. It generally specifies the restrictive attitudes for controlling the desires in a significant way. Long term vs. Short-term Orientation: The final dimension is suggesting the long term vs. Short term orientation. The short term orientation depicts the strongly inclined motives for establishing the underlying truth. On the other hand, long term orientation pertain the inclination of the specific motives for searching the underlying virtues. In order to describe the features of these dimensions, it can be inferred that the power distance is specifying the stands for inequality, which suggests the paternalistic ways of management functionalities. The autocratic leadership values are much prominent in such cases. The uncertainty avoidance is specifying the extent to which the members have been undertaking risks or flexibility in a contrasting way (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). In fact, it is noted that the uncertainty avoidance is also suggesting the tolerance towards the diversified opinions and behaviours. In this scenario, people tend to avoid risks. Moreover, the presence of consensus became essential. Significant Challenges faced during Microsoft and Nokia Acquisition Process If concentrated on the western nations, the cultural differences are quite difficult to recognise. However, there are still some of the cultural differences found among Americans and Finns. People from Finland are considerably more reserved whereas the Americans represent the stereotypically confident (Adler and Graham 2016). The differences in the economic structure of these two countries are also much visible. However, in case of the acquisition process between Microsoft and Nokia, it is noted that the companies faced the real challenges due to the cross cultural factors. In this deal, Microsoft purchased Nokia by spending 5.4 billion (Giachetti and Marchi 2016). The senior management of both the companies declared this purchase. The process was the initial stage of removing Nokia from the handset markets. The entry of Apple and Samsung handset smashed the dominant market of Nokia handsets. However, the motto of Microsoft is to evaluate the innovative software in Nokia handsets for participating in competition against Samsung and Apple. After this acquisition process, many of the internationalised employees were appointed for the further operational functionalities (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). However, during the collaboration of the diversified cultures, it is noticed that the organisational performance stated deteriorating instead of growing further. In spite of implementing the innovative ideas, these companies faced the huge loss due to the internal conflicts and inefficient work performance. The cultural clashes in the business idea implementation are thus considered as one of the major reasons for business failure. Recommendations Concentrating on the above issues and potential challenges, it can be signified that the companies need to focus on several specific recommendations. The following recommendations will thus be preferable enough for eliminating the hazardous situations formulated due to the cross cultural setting. Establishment of Communication Transparency The lack of communication is the source of most of the situational conflicts. It is noted that creating the communicational transparency is essential for each of the business leaders. The leaders or the managerial figures need to take the responsibility to look after the concerns of the associated employees of the organisation. It is observed that during the acquisition process, the employees of Nokia and Microsoft were assimilated to perform the business functionalities. Due to such collaboration, they needed to communicate with each other to share the business ideas. However, due to the language barriers and cross cultural traits, the employees face difficulties to cope with each other. It creates the major obstacles in understanding the business requirements, performing the operational functionalities, and accomplishing the business goals. Moreover, due to the lack of communication transparency, the employees cannot even raise their concerns, which often lead them towards job diss atisfaction. Hence, it is necessary to promote the interpersonal relationship by establishing the communicational transparency. Undertaking the effective leadership Style The leaders are the major responsible figures for driving the organisational functionalities for accomplishing some certain goals. The effective leadership style helps in gathering the employees together and motivating them to bring the best performance outcome. The assimilation of their fruitful efforts would be much helpful in ensuring the achievement of the organisational goals. Keeping focus on such aspect, it can be recommended that the establishment of the transformational leadership style would be much helpful for strengthening the performance attributes of the associated employees. The transformational leadership style is much helpful in developing the professional and personal skills of the employees as a whole. The leaders need to take the responsibility of making the associated employees aware of the benefits of cultural diversity. Moreover, the leaders need to deal with the employees more efficiently. Especially, when the people from different cultural background collabor ate, it is helpful for gathering innovative ideas and values. It is noted that most of the employees have been feeling insecure regarding their job stability. The internal conflicts are increased more significantly due to such acquisition process. The employees are simply losing their confident, which affects their morale in a significant manner. It can be specified that the efficient efforts and initiatives of the skilful leaders would be much helpful in determining the establishment of the employees motivational factors. The leaders need to keep their focus on the situational conflicts, job security aspects, proper monetary benefits, and rewards and recognition programmes. It would be much helpful for the employees to motivate their self-confidence and ensure the capabilities of sustaining in a competitive business environment. Conclusion The entire study has been focusing on the evaluation of the cross cultural management process during the acquisition process of Microsoft and Nokia. It has been observed that the Microsoft took control over Nokia for strengthening the competitive position in this recent business scenario. The cell phone or the mobile phone industry is generally involved with the manufacturing process of mobile phone handsets. The emergence of smart phone products by Samsung and Apple smashed the dominant market of Nokia in a significant way. Therefore, it was essential to keep the focus on the particular business strategy that could be beneficial for sustaining in this competitive environment. However, it is noticed that such acquisition process brought the employees of different background together. Even though the collaboration of the culturally diversified employees is bringing the innovative ideas for business innovations, it has become the biggest threat for this acquisition process. It is noticed that the employees are unable to cope with the other people who are culturally diverse. Moreover, it has been creating the significant impact on the employees performance attributes, which are the loss for the business. The lack of proper leadership style and communicational transparency were the major reason behind such uncertainties. The autocratic leadership values are much prominent in such cases. The uncertainty avoidance is specifying the extent to which the members have been undertaking risks or flexibility in a contrasting way. However, the recommended strategy has been concentrating on improving such errors and establishing the proper leadership strategies for the business benefits. Accordingly, it would be beneficial for the company to strengthen their organisational position for achieving the pre-determined goals. References Abol, S.M., 2015.Cultural perspective of acquisitions between Microsoft and Nokia in Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Adler, N.J. and Graham, J.L., 2016. Cross-cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy?. InLanguage in International Business(pp. 33-58). Springer International Publishing. Ali-Yrkk, J., Kalm, M., Pajarinen, M., Rouvinen, P., Seppl, T. and Tahvanainen, A.J., 2013. Microsoft Acquires Nokia: Implications for the Two Companies and Finland.ETLA Brief,16(3). Bird, R.C. and Orozco, D., 2014. 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